Crosby V. National Foreign Trade Council

Crosby V. National Foreign Trade Council (99-474) 530 U. S. 363 (2000) 181 F. 3d 38, Affirmed. Crosby, Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts, Et Al. V. National Foreign Trade Council. Certiorari to the United States Court Of Appeals for the First Circuit. No. 99—474. Argued March 22, 2000–Decided June 19, 2000 2. Substantive Facts The State of Massachusetts barred companies of the state from going into financial negotiations with those companies that were having financial transaction with Burma.This law was passed in 1996. This law was followed by a subsequent conditional and mandatory imposition of sanctions on Burma by the Congress. After these incidents dissents arise from different quarters and the Council acted as respondent suited a file against the State of Massachusetts. The reason behind this was that much of the members of the Council were affected by the law. This suit was filed in the Federal Court. 3. Procedural HistoryThe main aspects of the issue was related to the fact that it was claimed that the State of Massachusetts was acting in an unconstitutional manner and it was an alleged infringement â€Å"on the federal foreign affairs power, violates the Foreign Commerce Clause, and is preempted by the federal Act. The District Court permanently enjoined the state Act’s enforcement, and the First Circuit affirmed† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1). 4. Issues legal questionThe fundamental legal question in this context was whether it was permitted under the jurisdiction of the State of Massachusetts to intervene in issues related to imposition of law that would directly affect a State and whether it was permitted under the jurisdiction of the State of Massachusetts to infringe on the grounds of Federal Foreign Affairs. 5. Broad holding Under the broad parameters of the law it could be stated that it is important to uphold the national policies in order to defend the Congress’s intention of f oreign policies.Under the same parameters it could also be stated that the policies of the Federal Foreign Affairs should not face any obstacle under any circumstances. It could be stated that â€Å"the state Act interferes with Congress’s intention to limit economic pressure against the Burmese Government to a specific range† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1). 6. Narrow holding The specific facts of this case indicated that the â€Å"Congress’s failure to preempt state and local sanctions demonstrates implicit permission–is unavailing† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1).However it should be stated that the basic assumption of the Supreme Court Clause hardly recognizes the conflict of interest between State Law and Federal Law system. 7. Doctrinal Reasoning The ruling stated that â€Å"the state Act is preempted, and its application unconstitutional, under the Supremacy Clause† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1). It should be mentioned that the doctrinal reasoning behind this rule is based on different previous cases and follows a specific line of explanation.It was stated that â€Å"even without an express preemption provision, state law must yield to a congressional Act if Congress intends to occupy the field, California v. ARC America Corp. , 490 U. S. 93, 100, or to the extent of any conflict with a federal statute, Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U. S. 52, 66—67† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1). Additionally the† Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. , 512 U. S. 298† was also used (Supreme Court of The United States, 1).It was reasoned that the State law was barring the basic objectives and purposes of the Congress it was not possible to oblige both the Federal and the State Law at the same time and no individual or party was able to satisfy both laws at one time. It also stated that â€Å"the state Act is such an obstacle, for it undermines the intended purpose and natural effect of at least three federal Act provisions† (Supreme Court of The United States, 1). 8. Policy Reasoning The social consideration in this context of the case between Crosby V.National Foreign Trade Council was very clear and precise as the fundamental question of the case was directly related to the international status of the country and the credibility of the National Foreign Trade Council as an effective policy maker. Thus the greater aspects of the national integrity were taken into consideration while ruling. 9. Miscellaneous The basic dissent relating to the case Crosby V. National Foreign Trade Council raised from the fact that it was argued that the National Foreign Trade Council should not be taken into consideration while judging the internal financial activities of a State.It is also argued that a State is assumed as a fundamental sovereign power to impose of rule out policies that are associated with the State affairs. Thus it was argued that the ruling was against the sovereignty of the State. References: Supreme Court of The United States. 2000. Crosby V. National Foreign Trade Council (99-474) 530 U. S. 363 (2000). Supreme Court Collection: Cornell University Law School. Retrieved on 12. 09. 2007 from http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/99-474. ZS. html

Micro Manufacturing

ME 686: Micro-manufacturing Assignment 1 Study the effects of process parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut etc. ) associated with SPDT for manufacturing of micro lens let arrays. Also find out the ranges of these process parameters and values of optimal process parameters. Submitted by: Marmeek Kishor Kumar Kosambia (09010332) Submitted to : Dr. S. N. Joshi Date of Submission: 17/01/13 Introduction A microlens array is composed of a series of micro lens distributed in a regular pattern and has been usedin a wide range of photonic products.A  micro lens  is a small  lens, generally with a  diameter  less than a  millimetre  (mm) and often as small as 10 micrometers ( µm). The small sizes of the lenses means that a simple design can give good optical quality but sometimes unwanted effects arise due to optical  diffraction  at the small features. A typical micro lens may be a single element with one plane surface and one spherical convex surface to  refract  the light. Because micro lenses are so small, the substrate that supports them is usually thicker than the lens and this has to be taken into account in the design.More sophisticated lenses may use  aspherical  surfaces and others may use several layers of optical material to achieve their design performance. Since surface roughness affects the performance of the lens, one needs to generate finely machined surface with minimum roughness Single Point Diamond Turning machining is a technique which removes materials from a few microns to sub-micron level to achieve ductile mode machining on hard-to-machine materials such as electro less nickel plating, silicon, quartz, glass and ceramics with no subsurface defects.Such a machining process is able to achieve mirror surface finish of less than 10 nm and form error of less than 1um easily. If properly applied to a specific range of diamond turnable materials, the process is far superior to grinding and polishing where shape control is mo re difficult and processing time is longer. The selecting and optimization of machining parameters is one of the main factors that could influence the machining accuracy. The main machining parameters are tool feed rates, spindle speed and depth of cut.The tool feed rate is normally expressed in terms of either distance travelled by the tool per unit time (mm/min) or distance travelled per unit rotation (mm/revolution). It is most common to see the distance per revolution as it is directly related to the anticipated theoretical surface finish. For a given tool feed rate, larger the tool nose radius, lower the roughness and the better the optical surface finish. The surface quality depends to great extents on the material characteristics like: grain size, micro structure or crystal boundary, crystal uniformity and annealing procedures adopted. Casual selection of combination of machining parameters may affect the surface quality, so it is required to optimize the machining parameters before final SPDT process. Machining of aspheric surface is more complicated than spherical and flat surfaces because of complicated tool path and uneven material removal. To achieve required profile tool path should be optimized. Surface roughness with respect to variable Feed rate Feed rate is most important parameter and variation of this havea great impact on the surface finish. Theoretical surface finishdepends on feed rate and tool radius.Depth of cut 2 ? m andRPM 1000 kept constant and tool feed rate is varied from 0. 5? m/rev to 5. 0 ? m/rev. the results of the experiments are asfollows. From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is going down as we reduce feed. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM was maintained. It is investigated that although look of the surface was good but it is not of optical quality at these parameters. We have varied the depth of cut at feed rate of 0. 5. Surface rou ghness with respect to variable depth of cutFrom the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m.From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m.Surface roughness with respect to variable RPM From the last experiment we have seen that the depth of cut 2 ? m giving the better surface. During this experiment feed rate 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut remained unchanged and RPM varied from 800 to 4000, to get the further better surface on the work piece. Analysis of turned work piece at different RPM is carried out. Output result is shown in above table. By experiments we have seen that polycarbonate surface turned to the surface finish of below 25 nm, which is achieved at RPM 3000. A good surface finish is achieved at 800 RPM also but it is not economical.At RPM 1500 we have observed the star pattern on surface of PC. So, RPM 3000, Feed 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut 2 ? m are the optimum parameters where optical surface is achieved. An empi rical formula is developed for predicting surface roughness of diamond turned polycarbonate at different turning parameters (feed rate, depth of cut and RPM). Empirical formula is derived as follows. Optimum turning parameter are suggested where the optical surface finish in obtained. Tool feed rate : 0. 5 ? m/revolution Depth of cut : 2 ? m RPM : 3000 Tool Path CompensationAnother study shows the greatest challenge lies in selecting the optimum combination of the process parameters to get the best surface quality. The parameters chosen for optimization are as: Spindle speed (SS), Feed rate (TFR), Depth of cut (DoC). Another parameter to optimize the machining is the tool path. The tool path compensation cycle starts with the definition of desired aspheric surface by the conic equation: It is observed that by modifying the tool path, profile error ofaspheric surface is significantly reduced. The comparison between aspheric figure error, before and after tool path compensation is giv en in Table-4.Conclusions: 1) Tool feed is the dominant parameter for surface roughness followed by the spindle rotational speed. Depth of cut shows minimal effect on surface roughness compared to other parameters. 2) Depth of cut is the leading parameter for peak to valley error, followed by spindle rotational speed. Feed rate does not have considerable effect on Pt. 3) Effect of depth of cut on Pt varies with spindle speed. However, for achieving good optical surface on the polycarbonate work piece, lower depth of cut is preferred. 4) Spindle rotational speed of 2000rpm, tool feed rate of1? m/rev and depth of cut of 2? are selected for precisemachining of polycarbonate. 5) The process of the optimization of tool path helps to optimize the machining process further. References: 1. V. SainiD. SharmaS. KallaT. Chouhan, ‘Optimization of Process Parameters to Achieve Nano LevelSurface Quality on Polycarbonate’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Manufacturing E xcellence, 2012 2. N. KhatriV. MishraR. G. V. Sarepaka, ‘Optimisation of process parameter in ultra-precisiondiamond turning of polycarbonate material’, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888) Volume 48– No. 13, June 2012

Oligopoly nature of grocery stores in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oligopoly nature of grocery stores in UK - Essay Example Grocery stores are influenced by several factors for example the existence of LGRs, distribution channels and different planning strategies. Large regional distribution systems are needed for efficiency. However, the small companies do not enjoy sufficient distribution channels as opposed to the big companies. This is due to the fact that large companies normally sophisticated distribution systems to improve their products availability, reduce wastage and collect direct from suppliers. Many of the large companies usually negotiate favorable terms with suppliers for instance the case of Tesco and Asda. Planning strategies usually restricts out of town centre developments of grocery stores therefore restricting development of new larger stores. These also act as barrier to the entry of new firms increasing the costs of developing new stores which again discourages potential new investors. Factors positively influencing grocery stores The success of grocery stores depends on several factors for example market trends in the industry. There are some market trends for example decreasing numbers of specialist stores, increasing share of sales from large stores and few large firms taking an increasing market share. There has been a steep decline in the number of specialist stores.... Apparently, it is clear that sales from convenient stores are growing more quickly than grocery stores however, they only account for a small share of the sales (Sellers, 93). Grocery stores record the highest number of sales and increasingly, a huge percentage of the market is dominated by sales. Grocery stores usually offset the advantages of large stores because of easy consumer access to them for top up shopping. Grocery stores have links with wholesalers who give them the benefits of large buying power as well as access to other facilities and advice. Grocery stores have managed to survive also because of diversification for example distributing newspapers and operating other small businesses beside them like alcohol outlet. Consumers who meet up in a warm social place enjoy satisfaction hence loyalty. Groceries also enjoy low cost of operating businesses. In addition to this, they also receive assistance from family members. The groceries also sell their products at cheap price s. This is because they enjoy a buying power of large continental European groups. They enjoy low labor costs in their operations as well as low cot of buildings in which they operate their businesses. The owners of groceries are also able to adapt well under difficult economic circumstances. Subsequently, one major factor that boosts the groceries is the fact that main competitors tend to move up the market depending on the success of the firm. Reasons for Asda increasing their market shares Asda operates as a large store with wide range of products and relatively low prices. As a large store, it has some particular advantages for example marketing and efficiency Schaffer & August & Earle,

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru - Essay Example They offer variety of flavors such as, lime, raspberry, chocolate, mango and passion fruit (JustFood, 2011). Mission: Company mission is to create quality and tasteful mousses, souffles, chocs, cheesecakes, melting middles, tortes, brownie cakes, nibbles and naughties and to create a whole new world of chocolate extremism that’s strictly for adults; which will give them decadently delightful delicacies (GuPuds, 2011). Segmentation, Targeting, locations, population and Trends: GU changed its brand image and re-launches its brand in the market with stronger brands and packaging. The addition of the chocolate line makes this company stronger in the market who are dealing in same packaged products (Gatten, 2011). This market is divided into several sub segments, such as: Chilled Disserts Formage Frais Yogurts GU is offering products in the chilled disserts segment. The UK market for pot disserts and Yogurt is look like: Figure 1: Market Share of Chilled Food in UK 2009 (The Free L ibrary, 2011) The pot dissert market in UK is almost worth around ?1.9 billion, which also includes yougurt. This market almost grown 9.8% due to chilled disserts and yogurt which together makes 88% of the market. Chilled dissert is second largest segment of the industry and worth almost over ?0.5 billion and growing with rapid pace of over 4% in UK (The Free Library, 2011). Main market for Gu in this segments are young adults and in Britain 660,900 tonnes of chocolate a year were eaten and almost 11kg per person per year is the rate. The target market for this segment is young kids, young adults and elderly people as well. This segments most likely target market is kids and youngsters. UK Pot Dissert Market: This is the main market for GU and this market is grown significantly in last couple of years in UK. The main factors of this growth is people living alone are increased significantly and demand for single and smaller disserts increased significantly in result which will be a g ood trend for products like Gu. The chilled dissert market is almost worth around ?618.3 million in year 2010 which is up from ?597.2 million in year 2009. The market is grown significantly The market demand for products, like; chilled and pot disserts, puddings, mousses and cheese cakes are on the rise in UK and all these products are offered by GU. The quarter of the adults eat disserts as a part of their main meal. Disserts are mainly served in house hold to children, two-third working mothers buy these pot disserts for their kids (Bainbridge, 2006). The target market for chilled pot disserts is mainly adults. The main age of the target consumer is in between 15 and 25. Where people with age over 65 also a main target for such products. People with age between 45 and 54 are the least likely buyer of such products (Bainbridge, 2006). Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product/Service Strategy: The products are innovative and very unique, people love to try their products and enjoy it. The only p roblem with their products is that people on the diet should be care full before eating their products. Although, the share of the company is not high but the company is gaining momentum in the market

Observational Method in Psychological Research Essay

Observational Method in Psychological Research - Essay Example One of the characteristic of the observational method of research is that its environment is generally authentic. Even the situation that is studied is subjected to a realistic circumstance that actually generates genuine responses. This characteristic is essential in psychological studies such that the human mind is too complex wherein extensive and intensive observation and monitoring of its activity must be recorded and analysed according to the behaviours observed from the subject of the study. Since the behaviours of the subject of study are natural responses to the actual situations that serve as the one of the factors and conditions being studied. Observational methods enable researchers and practitioners to identify behavioural patterns within the naturalistic contexts at the time during which they actually occur, and, thus, the social validity of these systems is often a strength. (qtd in Lakin, 2005) There are several ways in which observational method in psychological research is delivered. These different approaches in observational method are the participant observation, non-participant observation, structured observation, unstructured observation and naturalistic observation. The observed data gathered through the observation of the various behaviours from each of these approaches involve planned gathering, analysis, and interpretation. As much as the approaches differ from each other, it cannot be avoided that each of the approaches may have an advantage over the others. ("Observational") Depending on the problem of the study and the whole idea of the research, an appropriate observational approach may be identified according to the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. These observational techniques are classified according to the intervention of the observer on the research being conducted. ("Introduction") Naturalistic observation approach is deemed as the most reliable method in studies that involve an observation of specific subjects. ("Observational") The observer in this approach does not intervene in any aspect within the duration of the study. Significantly, the participants involved in the study with whom the behaviours are being observed, do not have an idea that each of their reactions and actions are observed. For all intents and purposes, the researcher is invisible and works hard not to interrupt the natural dynamics of the situation being investigated. ("Introduction") Due to an uninterrupted situation, the participants of the study behave naturally and spontaneously because of the non-intervention and the natural flow of the situation. The researcher becomes more privileged of observing specific behaviours of the participants according to a predetermined set of criteria. For a research study when there is a very limited concept of the research is identified and known by the researcher, this method may also be applicable. The researcher may be able to develop a hypothesis upon observation of the natural situation or event being studied or observed. ("Introduction") However, since the observer or the researcher does not have any control on the situation being studied, he is limited in drawing meaningful conclusions about the causes of a particular behaviour that the subject has exhibited. ("Introduction") Moreover, one of the strongest issues that face naturalistic observation is ethics. Since the participants of the study are not told of the study being conducted, this becomes a violation of

Mel Gibson's Apocalypto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mel Gibson's Apocalypto - Essay Example However, the film by Gibson does not indicate any critical relevance to the current world as the film deals too much with violence and blood, forgetting to pay attention to other details among the Maya people, which shaped their current cultural and social dynamics, though violence is part of today’s social setting. Ardren (2006) explains that though the Maya practiced violence and brutality against their fellow community, and practiced child sacrifices in this classical period, the Maya people are also well known for achievements that range from arts, sciences deeply tooted spirituality that had connection with agricultural cycles, and the profound engineering design of the Mayan cities. However the Apocalypto shuns these achievements aside and concentrates on portraying the Maya people as grossly brutal people, with savage nature to one another until the Europeans arrived in their territory, supposedly to rescue them from these barbaric rituals and violence. The arrival of t he missionaries particularly towards the end of the film and the calm experienced in Maya directly suggests the Mayan people indeed needed rescue by the Europeans from their savage nature, towards a more enlightened community. Ardren argues that the same idea was used to subjugate the Mayan people for more than 500 years, but it has received vehement opposition from the Mayan community and intellectuals today. There is proof that such ideas of portraying the Mayan pole as Savage and brutal, and in need of salvation from their own self was used in justifying the civil war between the 1970s and 1990s, through manipulation from the Guatemalan army (Ardren, 2006). Therefore, the film is grossly one sided, and presents an offensive biased perception of the Mayan people. The rituals suggested in the film have no relevance to the society today. In the film, the priests placed their victims on pyramid tops, stretch them over a stone alter, strike on the chest with an obsidian knife, and tor e the still beating heart, lifting it up to the sun (Sweedler, 2007). Though there are evidence of past human rituals among the ancient Mayan communities, Gibson in the film is keen to approach the sacrificial practices of the pre-Columbia Mexico to their own interests, than offering a concise historical account of the past rituals in the Mayan community (Sweedler, 2007). The understanding of sacrifice in the Mayan community is far removed from the rituals portrayed in Apocalypto where the captives are treated like cattle being led to a slaughter than captor’s flesh and blood. The disregard portrayed against the captives in Apocalypto is characteristic of Goibson’s films, where he portrays both cruelty and brutality. This is portrayed through the portrayal of mean looking hunters that suggest pure evil. However, to a lesser extent Gibson’s film has some cultural and social relevance despite the gross violence that runs through the film. The long chase of Jaguar towards the end comes to terminates when he is suddenly saved by the arrival of Christopher Columbus and his fellow explorers, whose presence significantly affect the bewildered Holcane worriers (Sweedler, 2007). The Arrival of Columbus at the shores of Yucatan in 1502, in the year of his fourth expedition marked a direct contact between the indigenous people in American, the

Too many americans are completely unconcerned with deing physically Essay

Too many americans are completely unconcerned with deing physically fit - Essay Example Most of the youths spend their leisure time in front of television, computer or in film theatres and hence they experiences immense shortage in physical activities. As per Peter D. Hart Research Associates survey conducted in 1993, â€Å"43% of all adults qualify as "Less Actives," (those who fail to engage in vigorous exercise even two times a week) irrespective of young, old and, better educated or less educated, A majority of the Less Actives are under age 45, and 46% have attended college.† Lack of physical activities may lead to many diseases. For example as per the evidences from the medical science literatures, most of the cardio vascular diseases, high blood pressure diabetics, etc directly linked with physical activities. American heart association urges people to engage in activities like â€Å"Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, aerobic dancing, walking or many other  activities can help your heart. According to the latest joint American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine guidelines on physical activity, all healthy The percentage of those who engage in some kind of physical activity is less than the percentage of those who engage in no physical activities as far as American people are concerned. Robert Longley (about.com) in his article, have you been working  out? has quoted a new report from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which shows that â€Å"about 1 in 5 American adults engage in a high level of daily physical activity, while about 1 in 4 engage in little or no regular physical activity. â€Å" It is necessary to add physical activities compulsory to the curriculum. In olden days the children often gets enough time for the physical activities at school and college levels. But because of the excess topics in the modern curriculum, students are not getting enough time for physical works either at schools or at

Chevron Stakeholders and Their Interests or Concerns Essay

Chevron Stakeholders and Their Interests or Concerns - Essay Example The consequences were eminent as people obtained water from the streams for domestic use. The effluents had lethal concentration of toxic substances. Ecuadorians witnessed numerous cases of Leukemia and abnormally increasing rates of birth defects. The stakeholders in this case were the company’s management, the Ecuadorian government, institutional stakeholders, and the Ecuadorians. The company management’s main concern was to clear the company’s name by distancing itself from claims about the disaster. Consequently, Chevron denied responsibility of its actions that led to the disaster. â€Å"For a host of cultural and ideological reasons Chevron management is acting against its own self-interest — the interest of its shareholders†¦and in doing so, is driving the company off an $18 billion cliff† (Anderson, 1). The efficient functioning of the company in all areas/department is the role and duty of this category of stakeholders. They are expected to help steer the company into greater heights of success in light of productivity and profitability. This is their ultimate concern as they work to ensure that the company’s operations are running smoothly, no wonder their efforts to keep the looming court case at bay. The Ecuadorian government as a stakeholder, moved to protect the rights and interests of its subjects. The government had to take initiative and thus active roles in court proceedings so as to ensure that the Ecuadorians earned justice. It is one thing for a country to allow a foreign country to invest in one’s country and another to turn against it when it comes to matters of health, safety and security. The only challenge facing this initiative is change of guard from one president to another. Otherwise the country’s government has always strived to resolve the damage through seeking legal redress. The eighteen year old court battle translates into a typically lengthy process.  

Realism and Emotion in Gothic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realism and Emotion in Gothic Art - Essay Example The term maintained its deprecating association until the 19th century. During this period, a positive critical revaluation of Gothic architecture took place. The term Gothic remains a standard one in study of art history even if modern scholars have long realized that Gothic art has nothing to do with the Goths. 2. Gothic Art and Architecture The most important and original art form during the Gothic period is architecture. Its principal structural characteristics began out of medieval masons’ efforts to solve the problems connected with supporting heavy masonry ceiling vaults over wide spans. An example of the earliest Gothic sculptures which is said to be a revolution in style is the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145). These jamb statutes affixed to the columns next to the doorways are tall, slender standing figures of kings and queens from whom the Portail Royale derived its name. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, these figures were erroneously identified as the Merovingian monarchs of France. 3. Gothic Painting Gothic painting did not emerge until the beginning of the thirteenth century. This became visible nearly 50 years after the start of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from the Romanesque art to Gothic is very vague and inaccurate. However, beginnings of darker and more emotional styles were seen as deviating from the previous period. Paintings during this period were practiced in four primary crafts such as frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass. Simone Martini is one of the most original and influential artists of the Gothic era. He painted many frescos and altarpiece panels such as the Virgin and Child (1320) for the Church of Saint Catherine in Pisa. He added refined contour of line, grace of expression and serenity of mood in his paintings. 4. Trend to Realism and Emotion The growing concern for realism and emotion can be traced across Gothic art forms. The two majo r and important arts forms during the Gothic era are sculpture and painting. The trend toward greater realism and emotion can be said to have been entrenched from the era. The general effect of the development of the Gothic style is now shown on the west front of the Chartres Cathedral (c. 1140-50). This is the first impulse of Gothic art towards realism. One can see the development of sculpture during this early period of Gothic art which is towards increased realism and that deviates from the wooden feel of Romanesque sculpture. This was achieved in a series of stylistic impulses and not by continuous evolution. The figures in the sculpture on the west front of Chartres are barely â€Å"real† and their forms are strongly aligned with the architectural composition. The work of the goldsmith Nicholas of Verdun showed the second creative impulse of Gothic art. His artwork is marked by graceful, curving figures and soft Greek-like ridged-and-troughed drapery or the so-called Mu ldenstil. A third impulse towards realism in Gothic sculpture, based on 10th century Byzantine prototypes, seems to have originated at Notre-Dame, Paris (c.1200)2. This style is characterized by figures with a

Agricultural Equipment Business Essay Example for Free

Agricultural Equipment Business Essay Agricultural Equipment Business Manufacturing, export and distribution opportunities in post-harvest equipment beckon entrepreneurs even as other farm products also hold great promise In the last decade, Buhler, a global manufacturer of grain milling, sorting and handling products, has been witnessing a geographical shift in demand for its products. While the US and Europe remained the mainstay for long, it is China and India that are now the demand hubs for its products. The company, which launched its India operations in 1992, has since expanded its facility in India and ramped up the workforce. Another equipment firm, Satake, a Japanese major, has been witnessing similar trend. But the presence of big firms such as Satake and Buhler has not had much effect on local manufacturing. Many small and medium enterprises operate at full capacity across the country. Take for instance, S P Khandelwal of S S Milling and Engineering. He sells grain cleaning and sorting equipment to flour mills, energy foods producers and snacks companies. He boasts of clients such as Bikanerwala, Priya Gold and Modi Flour Mill. It is the price factor that helps entrepreneurs such as Khandelwal survive the onslaught of the global majors. â€Å"Products sold by organized players are expensive while my products are low-cost,† he says. Farm equipment companies, both big and small, are fighting tooth and nail to grab the larger share of the lucrative India market, despite the fact that the agriculture sector’s share in the GDP has fallen over the years. This notwithstanding, the farm equipment sector, that is a key support for agriculture, has been growing at a brisk pace and is projected to touch $7. 9 billion by 2012, according to The Freedonia Group, a US-based market research firm. [pic] Growth Drivers A couple of factors are driving the growth of this sector. These are mechanization of agriculture, increase in contract farming, easy availability of farm loans at low interest rates, and migration of laborers from villages to cities. Mechanization of Indian agricultural has been a major booster. The continuous increase in the consumption of power for farm sector and the corresponding reduction in the use of animal and human power is a clear indication that more and more machines are being deployed. A study by KPMG, done for India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) throws up some interesting observations. It says the share of animals as the source of power for the agriculture sector declined sharply from 45% in 1971-72 to less than 10% in 2005-06.

Analysis Of Mans Search For Meaning English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Mans Search For Meaning English Literature Essay The purpose of this paper is to analyse Victor E Frankls Man Search for Meaning. The paper will discuss how Frankl finds meaning in the Nazi death camps and why are some people unable to find meaning. The paper will explain what I have determined to be the meaning of life. Introduction Mans Search for Meaning by Viktor E Frankl is one of the most impressive works of psychiatric literature after Freud. This 1946 book gives an account of the authors experiences while being an inmate in a concentration camp. He gives a detailed account of the psychotherapeutic method he gives to find a reason to live. Frankl believes that the books objective is to answer the question-How the daily routine life in a concentration camp is depicted though the mind of an average prisoner there. The first part of the book encompasses the analysis of Frankls experiences in the concentration camps. It gives lengthy and stark and profoundly moving personal essay about the imprisonment of Frankl in the concentration camp of Auschwitz and others for five years. He struggled during this time to determine the reasons to live. The second part, Logotherapy in a Nutshell, depicts the psychotherapeutic method that Frankl establish as a result of the days he spent in the concentration camps. He introduces his ideas of what exactly meaning is and what is logotherapy theory (Viktor E Frankl). finding meaning in the Nazi death camps One of the different believes that Frankl nurtured during this time was that mans strongest desire is to look for meaning and purpose. His logotherapy theory, (logos, a Greek word, denotes meaning) which is quite compatible with the Western religions, unlike Freuds, is an amusing, advanced and very human work. His personal and professional discussions conflate into a style of great power. He writes, Our generation is realistic, for we have come to know man as he really is. (Viktor E Frankl). Being a well-known Viennese psychiatrist, Viktor Frankl was able to scrutinize how he and the other inmates of the Nazi camp suffered in Auschwitz. He observed that the men actually comforted others. They even gave away their food and actually proved that life can take almost everything from them but cannot change their attitude towards it in any situation. The prisoner became a unique sort of person and it was due to an inner decision. The life in the camp was not an only influence. Only the prisoners who lacked a strong inner control on their ethical selves gradually became victim to the camps deteriorating environment. On the other hand, the prisoners who became victorious of the sufferings and harsh experiences eventually turned them into a triumph of the self (Viktor E Frankl). Frankl writes about the three psychological reactions which the inmates of the camp experienced to a great extent: shock after going through the preliminary phase of admission in the camp, Numbness after becoming used to the life in camp, where the inmate values only the thing which helps him and his fellow inmates survive reactions of reification, resentment, moral disfigurement and disenchantment from life if he is lucky enough to survive and is released. The meaning of life Ascertaining the meaning of life is the key theme of the book. The book makes you ask yourself -what is the meaning of my life? It even moves the people who have not thought about it. And for some of them it was a recurrent quest. The book made me think that it is certainly not an easy question to ask anyone. No denying that is one is not an easy question either to ask or to answer. However, Viktor Frankls Mans search for Meaning explores this question in a great detail. Why Mans search for Meaning helps in understanding the meaning of life, is because it is beautifully crafted book. Other than the precious details of the Frankls experience in the Nazi camps, the book also takes us to his philosophy by presenting logical details. The main theme of the book is the detailed explanation and development of Logotherapy therapy theory (Viktor E Frankl). As I understand Logotherapy, it says that a primary motivational force helps a person to come through any annihilating crisis is his or her constant search for meaning in life. Unlike the other theories such as Psychotherapy, Logotherapy is futuristic. It tries to help the person find out the meaning in life and what will make his or her life meaningful or to put in Frankls words, life-to-be-lived. Frankls idea to find meaning is in the midst of utmost suffering. Other people in the nazi camp were unable to find meaning in life because they wanted to run away from suffering and not just sit and understand it. Frankl does not say that suffering is important to find meaning in life-rather he says that understanding lifes meaning is possible even despite suffering (Viktor E Frankl). Frankl discovered that most of the prisoners died when they were doing less hard work and were suffering more than the people who survived. The survivors were supposed to be the people who had a vision of a glorious future for themselves despite the horrible present. They believed they were pursuing a meaning in life and refused to surrender to despair. The prisoners life and experience in a concentration camp was finally only a remembered nightmare. Even when the fear of Nazis was utmost, he knew that he has nothing left to be afraid of, except God. The true meaning in life for Frankl is to make others find their meaning. As a victim and a successful survivor of the dreadful Nazi concentration camp, his pursuit of meaning kept him from losing his last possession. His strong and incessant will to finish his manuscript destroyed earlier, became the key for his believe in life and survival. His dream to finally hold a complete manuscript in his hand, actually helped him to endure every hardship and suffering imposed upon him in the death camp (Viktor E Frankl). Conclusion Frankl concludes in Mans Search for Meaning that one can find the meaning of life is almost every moment of life, whether it is of suffering or of happiness. He believes that life never stops to have a meaning; it is just that a person has to find it out right on time. He learns a lot from his experiences in the camp and believes that a prisoners psychological reactions are not only caused by the sufferings or adverse conditions of his life, but also from the freedom of choice that he always has even at the time of suffering. The strong inner hold that a prisoner has on his spiritual self depends on his faith in the future. Once a prisoner loses his faith in future, he not only loses his track to find the meaning of life, but is also doomed.

Essay --

In the novel Lord of the Flies William Golding uses many forms of symbolism to point out the underlying conflicts in their society. By using these symbols he makes the reader not only think about the problems that arise in the book, but also hints towards problems in our society today. The story uses the conch, fire, and the glasses to reference other meanings in the story. These symbols play a crucial part in the story in which they provide the reader with information that isn’t directly stated but is inferred. The first symbol that appears in the story is the conch which was found by Piggy and Ralph early in the story. The boys believed it to be held by the person with the power to govern and speak for the people. This power was recognized early to ralph "But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch"(Golding, 22). When choosing their chief the conch appeared to give Ralph power over Jack in the decision for bringing them all together with the conch i...

Control and The Role of Destiny, Free Will, and Fate Essay -- Explorat

Control and The Role of Destiny, Free Will, and Fate Control. Who is in control of our actions and decisions and what happens as a result of them? As humans, we like to believe that we are in control of our actions and decisions and that we are in complete control of where we go and what we do in life, but is that really the case? Are there other factors besides us that help determine where we go and what we do in life? Is there a supreme being, such as God, that controls where our actions and decisions will take us and even influences our decisions, or does chance/fate and only chance/fate play a factor in decisions we make and their outcomes? Do other people have the ability to control our actions and us, or is that not possible? As was stated, the nature of humans is to want to feel like one is in control of him/herself and where his/her decisions will lead him/her in life. We like to believe that we aren't influenced when making decisions, but, after discussing the topic of what influences our decisions in class, I realized that most of our decisions are influenced, in some way or another, by our peers, our family, television, movies, music, teachers, and so forth. For example, take the topic of clothing. Why do we wear the clothes we wear? When I go to school, I generally see people in the same clique wearing similar clothing. Some people believe that they buy the clothing they buy only because it feels comfortable and it (supposedly) lasts a long time, but, in my opinion, I think students' decisions of what clothing to purchase are influenced by their peers and also by the companies that make clothing. If a person's friends didn't wear Abercrombie and Fitch clothing, they probably wouldn't wear it. Clothing manu... ...ven the same decision, but where that decision leads them may be totally different. God has a plan for everyone's life, and HE uses the decisions we make to guide us down the path HE wants us to go, not necessarily where we want to go. Someone can decide that he/she wants to become a really, really rich business person, but if God doesn't want that to happen, He'll use their decisions they think are leading them to become a businessman/woman for His own purpose. We all like to feel like we're in control of our lives and what's going to happen to us, but that actually isn't the case. This feeling we desire comes from pride - we think we can do what WE want on OUR own, without God, without realizing that He has already planned what's going to happen to us. So next time you think, "Some day I'm going to...," remember that what you want isn't always going to happen. Control and The Role of Destiny, Free Will, and Fate Essay -- Explorat Control and The Role of Destiny, Free Will, and Fate Control. Who is in control of our actions and decisions and what happens as a result of them? As humans, we like to believe that we are in control of our actions and decisions and that we are in complete control of where we go and what we do in life, but is that really the case? Are there other factors besides us that help determine where we go and what we do in life? Is there a supreme being, such as God, that controls where our actions and decisions will take us and even influences our decisions, or does chance/fate and only chance/fate play a factor in decisions we make and their outcomes? Do other people have the ability to control our actions and us, or is that not possible? As was stated, the nature of humans is to want to feel like one is in control of him/herself and where his/her decisions will lead him/her in life. We like to believe that we aren't influenced when making decisions, but, after discussing the topic of what influences our decisions in class, I realized that most of our decisions are influenced, in some way or another, by our peers, our family, television, movies, music, teachers, and so forth. For example, take the topic of clothing. Why do we wear the clothes we wear? When I go to school, I generally see people in the same clique wearing similar clothing. Some people believe that they buy the clothing they buy only because it feels comfortable and it (supposedly) lasts a long time, but, in my opinion, I think students' decisions of what clothing to purchase are influenced by their peers and also by the companies that make clothing. If a person's friends didn't wear Abercrombie and Fitch clothing, they probably wouldn't wear it. Clothing manu... ...ven the same decision, but where that decision leads them may be totally different. God has a plan for everyone's life, and HE uses the decisions we make to guide us down the path HE wants us to go, not necessarily where we want to go. Someone can decide that he/she wants to become a really, really rich business person, but if God doesn't want that to happen, He'll use their decisions they think are leading them to become a businessman/woman for His own purpose. We all like to feel like we're in control of our lives and what's going to happen to us, but that actually isn't the case. This feeling we desire comes from pride - we think we can do what WE want on OUR own, without God, without realizing that He has already planned what's going to happen to us. So next time you think, "Some day I'm going to...," remember that what you want isn't always going to happen.

Comparing Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and Waiting for Mr. Kim :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Joy Luck Club and Waiting for Mr. Kim    Throughout Asian American literature there is a struggle between Asian women and their Asian American daughters. This is the case in The Joy Luck Club, written by Amy Tan and also in the short story "Waiting for Mr. Kim," written by Carol Roh-Spaulding. These two stories are very different, however they are similar in that they portray Asian women trying to get their American daughters to respect their Asian heritage. There are certain behaviors that Asian women are expected to have, and the mothers feel that their daughters should use these behaviors.   In The Joy Luck Club, the novel traces the fate of the four mothers-Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-ying St. Clair-and their four daughters-June Woo, Rose Hsu Jordan, Waverly Jong, and Lena St. Clair. Through the experiences that these characters go through, they become women. The mothers all fled China in the 1940's and they all retain much of their heritage. Their heritage focuses on what is means to be a female, but more importantly what it means to be an Asian female.      In the short story "Waiting for Mr. Kim," the main female character Gracie understands what it means to be an Asian female, but she does question the meaning because of her sisters. Her sisters ran away from home and eloped before their marriage could be arranged. This is totally against Asian culture, and it causes Gracie to question her heritage and her Asian femininity.    In both of these stories there are certain characteristics of females that are the same, they are inner strength, obedience, honor and respect, the good of the family is better than the good of the individual.    In the chapter "Scar" the characteristic of honor and respect is first noticed. In this chapter An-mei finds out how her mother deserted her, her mother did leave for a good reason, which was to maintain the honor of her family, but either way her mother left her. Her grandmother had to raise her, and she learned much about the Asian woman from her. An-mei was showing some disrespect towards one of her aunts, and her aunt told her that she was being disrespectful. Her grandmother then interjected and said, "When you lose your face, An-mei...it is like dropping your necklace down a well. The only way you can get it back is to fall in after it.

The Constructive Alignment Theory Education Essay

The constructive alliance theory has been used to underpin the development of course of study in medical instruction for some clip Biggs and Tang 2007. A constructivist instructor designs larning experiences which are active and synergistic and works at the interface between the course of study and the scholar, which creates a new cognition. A A constructivist scholar will make or build their ain cognition and understanding with what they already know. The constructive alliance theory has been shown to fit medical pupils with the needed cognition and accomplishments that is required to pattern medical specialty successfully. There are two wide orientations in instruction ; the content cantered or teacher-centered constructs and pupil or learner-centered construct. A In the learner-centered construct the cognition is constructed by the scholar and the instructors a facilitator of larning than a mere presenter of cognition. The pupil centeredness includes the thought that the scholar h as a pick what to analyze, when to analyze and how to analyze. Here the scholar is placed at the centre of the full acquisition procedure there is increased duty and answerability on the portion of the scholar. An emerging tendency in all the medical schools in Australia is to hold an integrated medical course of study where there is an increased accent on autonomous or scholar centered acquisition, and active engagement of the acquisition procedure. JCU integrated medical course of study follows the guidelines for effectual university learning which says â€Å" effectual university instructors provide pupils with chances to be involved in the structuring of their ain acquisition experiences, and promote them to take control of their ain acquisition † and â€Å" effectual university instructors select from a scope of learning attacks and media those which will assist pupils run into topics and their ain purposes efficaciously † . Today ‘s medical pupils represent a wide spectrum in footings of age, experience, civilization, ethnicity and degree of readiness every bit good as acquisition manners and preferences.so there is a immense challenge for teachers to run into the educational demands of all pupils. When direction is adopted to scholars larning manners at that place will be increased student motive and public presentation. Because there are pupils with different educational backgrounds and different acquisition manners, it is the duty of the teacher to turn to this diverseness of larning manners among pupils and develop appropriate learning learning activities. The challenge of supplying quality larning experience for the pupils has prompted many pedagogues to look towards larning engineerings. Increased involvement in flexible acquisition chances in third instruction has risen in recent old ages in response to increased pupil diverseness and the outgrowth of new engineerings. Technologies allow pedagogues to personalise and humanise acquisition by including rich media constituents in classs that endeavor to prosecute pupils in active, meaningful acquisition ( Lee, Tan & A ; Goh 2004 ) . Australia has a strong tradition of distance instruction and a displacement towards online larning in Universities in the recent old ages has been seen as a natural extension of the more traditional signifier of distance instruction ( Bell et al, 2002 ) . In today ‘s acquisition environments, the effectual usage of instructional engineerings provide the scholar with flexible, immediate and on demand entree to class content. Flexible acquisition has em erged late to depict the altering stage of distance instruction, brought about by the turning acceptance of different larning engineerings to back up progressively diverse pupil population.Flexible acquisitionFlexible acquisition is a scope of larning attacks in footings of clip, gait, topographic point, content and manner, which are applied in changing grades. Flexible acquisition incorporates computing machine engineering into larning helping pupils in developing the cognitive processes needed for the usage of information engineering efficaciously. A scaffold of larning activities is created in flexible acquisition. The most of import purpose of flexible acquisition is to supply greater control to the scholar in the acquisition procedure and to supply chances and options through a assortment of learning -learning manners. The scholar will hold greater pick, liberty and control in flexible acquisition ( Geroge and Luke 1995 ) . This type of larning provides the scholar with picks a bout where, when and how learning takes topographic point ( Shurville et al. , 2008 ) . Pedagogical attack in flexible acquisition is sound and here the instructor becomes the facilitator in the acquisition procedure and the scholar gets greater control in the acquisition procedure. This teaching method is a going from the traditional teacher-centered methods of instruction, prefering the facilitation of the collaborative building of cognition and accomplishments. It increases the efficiencies in the bringing of instruction and caters to different groups of scholar. Present twenty-four hours net coevals scholar is multitasking nature and they demand for greater flexibleness related in the manner of survey, topographic point and gait. Flexible larning caters for these diverse groups of pupil organic structure ( Casey and Wilson, 2005 ) . The exponential growing of computing machine power and rapid enlargement of the broadband velocities in recent old ages has changed the outlook of these net coevals pupils and the acquisition chances offered to these scholars. In order to run into this turning demand, Universities are turning to flexible acquisition and e-learning as a convenient manner to supply flexible entree to acquisition ( Buleen and Janes 2007 ) . James cook Universities committedness to the development of flexible acquisition is embedded in the instruction learning appraisal policy, that is dedicated in supplying pupils from different backgrounds with the top quality larning environment and heighten pupil ‘s learning experience. One of the Core rules of the JCU learning larning assessment policy addresses this diverseness of pupils and their different acquisition manners. â€Å" Course design will endeavour to react to the rich diverseness of pupil backgrounds and tracts, including Aboriginal, Torres S trait Islander, international, inter cultural, low socioeconomic backgrounds, rural or remote, first household member go toing a university, return to analyze and people with handiness issues † . â€Å" In all topics a assortment of resources, learning methods and attacks to larn will be considered and adopted, in acknowledgment of the diverseness of the pupil organic structure † .A Overall objective here is to give pupils many picks in larning and control over the timing, construction and sequencing of their acquisition. One of the cardinal trademarks of flexibleness in acquisition is the acknowledgment of the differences ; differences in what the pupils want to larn and when he/she wants to larn. It besides allows for functioning pupils with particular demands and suiting the progressively varied cultural dimension in larning. Educators recognize that the scholars have single demands and require varying grades of flexibleness to run into their demands. Learner centered direction is the nucleus rule underlying this flexible acquisition. Here the accent is on the pick of the scholar. Facilitation of acquisition is another nucleus rule of flexible acquisition where the teacher takes more of a facilitator function in the procedure of larning than a commanding or information transporter function. Facilitators provide chances for showing content in a new and advanced function utilizing a combination of media and bringing manners. Here the content is drawn from a assortment of beginnings including picture, web sites, multimedia, artworks, sounds, lifes etc. Today ‘s medical pedagogues are confronting challenges than their predecessors in learning tomorrows physicians. Changing in wellness attention bringing and progresss in medical instruction and clinical medical specialty have increased demands on the medical module, ensuing in reduced clip for learning. Flexible acquisition can be used in undergraduate medical instruction to better the efficiency and effectivity of educational intercessions in the face of scientific and pedagogical challenges. Use of flexible acquisition is extremely variable in medical schools and it is more common in basic scientific discipline classs than in clinical scientific disciplines. Flexible acquisition has a characteristic that presupposes a great accent on self-teaching in undergraduate medical instruction. Students are encouraged to analyze and research independently. Collaborative acquisition and information exchange is intensified as to consolidate larning through group activities. The practical group activities can be performed in synchronal or asynchronous meeting in pupil place groups that permits collaborative and deep acquisition.Capable DesignYear 2 Medical plan has 190 pupils of which more than 50 % of the pupils are between 21 to 25 old ages and the group besides has approximately 35 % of pupils who are above 30 old ages. Students fall ining six twelvemonth undergraduate medical plan at JCU are school departers, alumnuss ( with a grade non related to the medical class ) or graduates with grades in biological and wellness scientific disciplines. But there are pupils in this group who are non from the biological background and had the trouble in settling into the Medical course of study in their early months in the Medical School. The biggest challenge faced by the School of Medicine at JCU is to suit the scholars who have come from different backgrounds. Bing a rural medical school this challenge is heightened at JCU due to miss of resources and isolation. Because t he pupil group has scholars from different backgrounds, the course of study or the single faculty must be more originative and flexible to run into the demands of single scholars. Larger category ( 190 pupils ) means more about talk centered – acquisition and minimum pupil battle and this will make a barrier to entree acquisition. The category size plants against the rational development, larning and success in a medical school. Year 2 medical plan has two pathophysiology classs – Integrated system pathophysiology 1 and 2. Different organic structure system faculties are taught with accent on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology in these classs which is spread across two survey periods ( SP1 and 2 ) . Hematology and Renal Medicine is the faculty under Integrated System Pathophysiology 1 during survey period 1, which runs for 13 hebdomads. This faculty has two subdivisions – haematology and Renal Medicine. During the last 5 hebdomads of HRM faculty pupils learn about Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiology and Pathophysiology subjects in this faculty are complex and in the old feedback pupils have raised few concerns about the talk subjects in the faculty and about deficiency of clip and chances available for the survey of complex physiology subjects in this faculty. Feedback suggested that face to face and synthesising Sessionss in the faculty were unequal to gestate the dynamic procedures and complex physiology mechanisms in the nephritic physiology subject. Besides when complex subjects were presented in schoolroom talks, pupils either retained a simplistic position of the subject or were confused when introduced to a new subject based on an apprehension of consecutive procedures. Hence, I have planned to present flexible acquisition faculty, which supports face-to-face bringing, to specifically turn to the jobs identified by the pupils in the Renal Medicine Course. Face-to-face acquisition for this faculty is in the signifier of one hr talk at the beginning of the hebdomad and another hr of synthesising session on Fridays. There is a three hr guided larning session in the signifier of active acquisition that supports these face-to-face bringings during the hebdomad. The contents of the nephritic medical specialty faculties are carefully chosen to develop flexible acquisition activities spread across a 4 hebdomad period. Table 1: Different sections chosen to present in the flexible acquisition faculty for this class Teaching Sections Week Subjects 1 9 Histology of kidneys and the urinary system 2 9 Physiology of nephritic system 3 10 Role of kidneys in H2O balance 4 11 Role of kidneys in blood force per unit area ordinance 5 12 Control of urinary vesica and urination 6 13 Diuretic drugs and their mechanisms of action Every section has different learning acquisition activities which are developed utilizing Blackboard, the unfastened beginning class direction system. Different learning acquisition activities for these flexible acquisition faculties are Podcasting and Camtasia recordings ; face-to-face talk will be recorded utilizing Camtasia/Doceri and will be uploaded online. Lecture podcasting is besides uploaded in MP3 format A 20 proceedingss i-lecture which will cover the subjects ( as per the sections mentioned above ) is recorded and uploaded Home group wiki treatment board for mini instance treatment related to the hebdomadal subject. Open treatment board for treatment about the inquiries asked in the workbook in the GLS Sessionss, utilizing blackboard treatment tools YouTube picture links – Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology pictures E-book chapters, text edition pages, and reappraisal articles related to the subjects are uploaded to the learning resources booklet Home groups [ 20 pupils in a group ] have the chance for 30 proceedingss blackboard collaborate confabs session with the lector Linkss to the specific subject pages of Medical Revision Community and Pod trefoils Online quizzes at the terminal of the hebdomad – which will hold MCQ ‘s and cardinal characteristic paper inquiries. Online brooding diaries will be used for feedback on a hebdomadal footing for this faculty. Contexts and Settings for Flexible Learning: Our scholars: Undergraduate, grownup, domestic and international pupils The sort of acquisition we are seeking to accomplish: Knowledge, accomplishments and attitudes Delivery of the content: On-line talks and instance treatments. The other acquisition activities that can be organized to run into the larning results: Question-answer Sessionss, pictures, online quizzes Available Resources: press releases, worksheets, workbooks, ocular, power points, pictures Table 2: Summary of the Comprehensive Teaching Schemes used for Flexible Learning in this faculty Learning Results Teaching Scheme Learner Activity Cognition Transmit/Inform Reading Podcast Camtasia I-lecture Videos Associating to theory Autonomous acquisition Cognition Engage Video Mini Case Discussion Discussion Board Quiz Knowledge reading Supplying multiple positions Skills Practice Case Discussion Discussion board Blackboard Collaborate Clarifying cognition Interpretation accomplishments Skills Application Collaborate treatment Case Discussion Cardinal Feature Paper inquiries ( instance based ) Synthesizing cognition Deep acquisition Apply basic scientific disciplines to clinical medical specialty Researching acquisition As with face to face instruction, these online, blended categories is constructively aligned to accomplish upper limit larning benefits and results. All facets of the flexible bringing, from purposes, larning results, talks and other activities are all and straight related to each other, and back up a progressive system of larning throughout the 5 hebdomads continuance of the class.JustificationYear 2 haematology and nephritic medical specialty class are presently utilizing face-to-face instruction which treats all pupils as indistinguishable scholars. This ignores the fact that pupils have different degrees of acquisition manners, motive, attending span and ability to larn [ ref 5 ] . Traditional big talk presentations [ first twenty-four hours debut session and synthesising session in this faculty ] have jobs prosecuting the pupils and in run intoing their single acquisition manners. With flexible teaching-learning activities in this faculty, the acquisition and instruction can hap pen at times that are more convenient and productive for pupils. Students can work at their ain gait within a given model. Online larning provides options to entree and portion information more readily and this besides provides greater deepness of resources and information. Open treatment and mini instance treatment Sessionss in this faculty offer opportunities to interact and larn in ways that the traditional instruction in the faculty ca n't offer. Therefore, there is a displacement of focal point in the faculty from a teacher-centered theoretical account to learner centered theoretical account offering stronger learning motive and interactivity. The faculty is designed to value the diverseness of experience and pattern taking into the consideration of the Internationalization of University course of study and this flexible instruction will ever back up both local and international pupils ‘ who have come from different educational backgrounds and have diverse learning manner s. Learning direction system, societal package application like Wiki, treatment forum and web based talk engineerings are the different acquisition engineerings used in this flexible acquisition faculty that will supply communicating and coaction chances. The university instruction and acquisition policy emphasizes that the instructor should seek to heighten pupil battle in acquisition by linking assorted constituents in a topic. The nucleus acquisition rule besides underlines the demand of invention in learning and acquisition and the usage of larning engineerings to reenforce and heighten the pupil larning experience. The different acquisition engineerings will give the pupils flexibleness to take when and where to entree talks and other learning resources. Students with weaker acquisition accomplishments will acquire more clip and options for interaction and to speed up their acquisition independently. Medical instruction is a dynamic entity that is germinating rapidly and taking adv antage of the flexible, web based learning methods allow more face-to-face instruction clip to be used for learning other complex subjects during this basic scientific discipline faculty. The talk podcasting, Camtasia/Doceri and i-lecture formats offer pupils the increased flexibleness of being able to entree the acquisition stuffs every bit frequently as required, 24 hour. a twenty-four hours, 7 yearss a hebdomad. This on-line talk will be really effectual for this faculty as there are a big figure of pupils in category ( more than 180 pupils ) . These on-line talks engage the pupils more efficaciously than the face-to-face talks and pupils can mention to this talk several times over the class of the faculty. During the on-line treatment forums ( mini instance treatments and unfastened treatments in this faculty ) , pupils are given basic information about the new constructs and are encouraged to work together on clinical jobs and inquiries which helps them to understand cardinal physiology and pathophysiological constructs for themselves. Students in the traditional face-to-face acquisition do non possess the cardinal critical analytical accomplishments hence they a re happening it hard to understand the key basic physiological constructs. Flexible acquisition enables pupils to widen their acquisition experience beyond the boundary lines of a schoolroom and a assortment of web resources and web links to medical podcast, podmedics and medical alteration community pages in this faculty to better pupil ‘s acquisition capablenesss and besides their critical thought accomplishments. Nephritic Medicine faculty in twelvemonth 2 includes complex subjects in Physiology ( nephritic ordinance of electrolyte balance, H2O balance, blood force per unit area ordinance etc. ) . Some of the facets of physiology that make it hard include the big volume of information typically covered and its integrative nature. Most common ailments from pupils in their feedback is that there is excessively much to analyze and retrieve and excessively many didactic Sessionss on basic physiology. The planned flexible acquisition Sessionss address these facets and present active acquisition tools to form construction and represent information and cognition in a more meaningful format. During the flexible acquisition, pupils are able to take a content bringing method that matched their learning manner to understand the complex subjects in physiology. Students can work through the different sections in the faculty at their ain velocity and develop a more meaningful apprehension of the subjects. Therefore the overall aim of this flexible acquisition faculty is to give the scholar more pick and control over the timing, sequence and the construction of larning activities, and to cut down the barrier to entree acquisition. This on-line faculty is likely to heighten pupils ‘ motive in larning Renal Medicine physiology. The interactivities and communicating tools will actuate the pupils and assist them increase perceptual experience and keeping of this subject. Present twenty-four hours net-generation medical pupils want larning ‘options ‘ , ‘choices ‘ and ‘personalization ‘ . By supplying scholars with the freedom of pick, this flexible acquisition can put the phase for pupil success in this class.

Criminal Justice Process Essay

Juveniles are not extended the right to a jury of their peers. What is the most significant reason why this right is not extended to juveniles? Please explain in detail why you chose that particular reason. I do not think that there is only one significant reason as to why juveniles are not extended the right to a jury of their peers. I think that one of the multiple reasons for this right not being extended is because a jury has to be able to be responsible enough to actually show up, they have to be able to convict or not convict based on evidence beyond a reasonable doubt and be able to disregard any evidence or statements when a judge asks them to. I do not think that most juveniles are mentally, nor emotionally equipped to do deal with the responsibilities of being a part of a jury. Most juveniles are still immature and when someone’s life is at stake and their freedom can be taken away I do not think that having a â€Å"child† decide their fate is appropriate. Why do you believe that there are differences between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system? Please explain in detail why you believe as you do? I believe there are differences between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system because of the differences in age, experiences, knowledge, and maturity. The juvenile justice system focuses on the rehabilitation of the juvenile, whereas the adult justice system’s goal is to punish and obtain retribution for the crime(s) committed. Juvenile offenders are given sentences that seek to rehabilitate rather than punish. Some of the treatment options offered could include counseling and placement in juvenile institutions that were also created to help restore them. Adult offenders are given harsh sentences. The sentences given can include a fine and or incarceration in jail or prison. All of the sentences given are solely based on punishing the offender. The adult court system is primarily concerned with the offender paying for the damage that they have done to society and the courts isn’t interested in rehabilitating or trying to change the behavior of the offender. After reviewing this entire building in CJ Interactive, describe ways that you can use this interactive tool to improve your learning of criminal justice concepts. Describe in detail the ways you can use this tool to further your criminal justice education, identifying at least three specific ways you would use this tool. After reviewing the entire building in CJ Interactive, I was able to see how this tool will help my learning of criminal justice concepts. I am a visual and auditory learner and both of my learning styles are incorporated in the CJ Interactive tool. I was able to get a better understanding of many of the topics that we have discussed in class thus far. For example through this too I was able to get a better understanding of the differences between the adult and juvenile court systems as well as how crime is defined and measured. I will be able to use this tool as another way of learning and understanding the criminal justice system by using the glossary to learn the terms used to explain the criminal justice system and its process. I will also be able to use this tool to learn and understand the criminal justice system by utilizing the different ways information is given is given in CJ Interactive for example there are 14 buildings located in this learning tool and each building represents a different topic in criminal justice and gives us students access to different learning modules, myths and issues, simulation activities, homework and review, and glossary terms associated with each particular topic. I can see myself utilizing all of these resources as a way to better understand the criminal justice system, my assignments that I have to complete in class, and for me to just use to gain as much knowledge as I can about the different topics in criminal justice throughout my college career at Colorado Technical University.

Elements of Literature Essay

Many literature students are expected to be familiar with the basic terms listed below (and discussed in more depth in your text). Keep this study guide with your text. At the beginning of each reading assignment, write the elements of literature pertaining to the particular type of literature at the beginning of the short story or poem. After reading, define them in your text for class discussion, quizzes, and test preparation. To understand literature, it is necessary that you ask yourself certain questions, such as â€Å"what is the theme of this story? † or â€Å"why does the author use this particular type of imagery? † You are not necessarily reading for pleasure–although it is sincerely hoped you will derive pleasure from your assignments–but for the development of critical analysis skills, so observe the author’s style and intent carefully. Short Stories/Novel Theme–The idea or point of a story formulated as a generalization. In American literature, several themes are evident which reflect and define our society. The dominant ones might be innocence/experience, life/death, appearance/reality, free will/fate, madness/sanity, love/hate, society/individual, known/unknown. Themes may have a single, instead of a dual nature as well. The theme of a story may be a mid-life crisis, or imagination, or the duality of humankind (contradictions). Character–Imaginary people created by the writer. Perhaps the most important element of literature. †¢ Protagonist–Major character at the center of the story. †¢ Antagonist–A character or force that opposes the protagonist. †¢ Minor character–0ften provides support and illuminates the protagonist. †¢ Static character–A character who remains the same. †¢ Dynamic character–A character who changes in some important way. †¢ Characterization–The means by which writers reveal character. †¢ Explicit Judgment–Narrator gives facts and interpretive comment. †¢ Implied Judgment–Narrator gives description; reader make the judgment. Look for: Connections, links, and clues between and about characters. Ask yourself what the function and significance of each character is. Make this determination based upon the character’s history, what the reader is told (and not told), and what other characters say about themselves and others. Plot–The arrangement of ideas and/or incidents that make up a story. Causality–One event occurs because of another event. †¢ Foreshadowing–A suggestion of what is going to happen. †¢ Suspense–A sense of worry established by the author. †¢ Conflict–Struggle between opposing forces. †¢ Exposition–Background information regarding the setting, characters, plot. †¢ Complication or Rising Action–Intensification of conflict. †¢ Crisis–Turning point; moment of great tension that fixes the action. †¢ Resolution/Denouement–The way the story turns out. Structure–The design or form of the completed action. Often provides clues to character and action. Can even philosophically mirror the author’s intentions, especially if it is unusual. Look for: Repeated elements in action, gesture, dialogue, description, as well as shifts in direction, focus, time, place, etc. Setting–The place or location of the action, the setting provides the historical and cultural context for characters. It often can symbolize the emotional state of characters. Point of View–Again, the point of view can sometimes indirectly establish the author’s intentions. Point of view pertains to who tells the story and how it is told. †¢ Narrator–The person telling the story. †¢ First-person–Narrator participates in action but sometimes has limited knowledge/vision. †¢ Objective–Narrator is unnamed/unidentified (a detached observer). Does not assume character’s perspective and is not a character in the story. The narrator reports on events and lets the reader supply the meaning. †¢ Omniscient–All-knowing narrator (multiple perspectives). The narrator takes us into the character and can evaluate a character for the reader (editorial omniscience). When a narrator allows the reader to make his or her own judgments from the action of the characters themselves, it is called neutral omniscience. †¢ Limited omniscient–All-knowing narrator about one or two characters, but not all. Language and Style–Style is the verbal identity of a writer, oftentimes based on the author’s use of diction (word choice) and syntax (the order of words in a sentence). A writer’s use of language reveals his or her tone, or the attitude toward the subject matter. Irony–A contrast or discrepancy between one thing and another. †¢ Verbal irony–We understand the opposite of what the speaker says. †¢ Irony of Circumstance or Situational Irony–When one event is expected to occur but the opposite happens. A discrepancy between what seems to be and what is. †¢ Dramatic Irony–Discrepancy between what characters know and what readers know. †¢ Ironic Vision–An overall tone of irony that pervades a work, suggesting how the writer views the characters. Poetry Allegory–A form of narrative in which people, places, and events seem to have hidden meanings. Often a retelling of an older story. Connotation–The implied meaning of a word. Denotation–The dictionary definition of a word. Diction–Word choice and usage (for example, formal vs. informal), as determined by considerations of audience and purpose. Figurative Language–The use of words to suggest meanings beyond the literal. There are a number of figures of speech. Some of the more common ones are: †¢ Metaphor–Making a comparison between unlike things without the use of a verbal clue (such as â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†). †¢ Simile–Making a comparison between unlike things, using â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. †¢ Hyperbole–Exaggeration †¢ Personification–Endowing inanimate objects with human characteristics Imagery–A concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea which appeals to one or more of our senses. Look for a pattern of imagery. †¢ Tactile imagery–sense of touch. †¢ Aural imagery–sense of hearing. †¢ Olfactory imagery–sense of smell. †¢ Visual imagery–sense of sight. †¢ Gustatory imagery–sense of taste. Rhythm and Meter–Rhythm is the pulse or beat in a line of poetry, the regular recurrence of an accent or stress. Meter is the measure or patterned count of a poetry line (a count of the stresses we feel in a poem’s rhythm). The unit of poetic meter in English is called a â€Å"foot,† a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables. Ask yourself how the rhythm and meter affects the tone and meaning. Sound–Do the words rhyme? Is there alliteration (repetition of consonants) or assonance (repetition of vowels)? How does this affect the tone? Structure–The pattern of organization of a poem. For example, a sonnet is a 14-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter. Because the sonnet is strictly constrained, it is considered a closed or fixed form. An open or free form is a poem in which the author uses a looser form, or perhaps one of his or her own invention. It is not necessarily formless. Symbolism–When objects or actions mean more than themselves. Syntax–Sentence structure and word order. Voice: Speaker and Tone–The voice that conveys the poem’s tone; its implied attitude toward its subject. Elements of Literature Literature is a reflection of the society. A writer appeals to our feelings, emotions through various elements of literature, such as plot, character, theme, etc. Read more to know about the elements of literature. We can summarize literature in the words of Ezra Pound that great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree. Every race has its own literature, for example, English literature, American literature, German literature, etc. Various types of literaturesuch as story, novel and drama delight us through the elements of literature. In literature, theme is important to reveal the story. An author depicts the ups and downs of the protagonist with the help of characterization. The story progresses through various plots. There are prologues and epilogues in Shakespearean drama. Facts on Elements of Literature: Elements of literature denote the things that are used to make up a work of literature. There are different types and forms of literature. They are novel, drama, poetry, biography, non-fictional prose, essay, epic and short story. All these types of literature have some elements. To complete a piece of literature, a writer, dramatist or a novelist need to use certain elements like plot, character, theme, etc. However, elements of fiction and elements of drama differ from elements of poetry. These elements are discussed below: Elements of Fiction and Drama : Literary types such as fiction; drama and short story have some elements.

Bohemia and The Final Problem Essay

When he reaches the Englischer Hof, the innkeeper has no idea about any sick Englishwoman. Realizing at last what has happened, Watson rushes back to Reichenbach Falls only to find no-one there, although he does see two sets of footprints going out onto the muddy dead-end path, but none coming back. There is also a note from Holmes, explaining that he knew the report Watson was given to be a hoax and that he is about to fight Moriarty, who has graciously given him enough time to pen this last letter. Watson sees that towards the end of the path, there are signs that a violent struggle has taken place. It is all too clear: Holmes and Moriarty have both died, falling to their deaths down the gorge whilst locked in mortal combat. This bit is so sad and shows Sherlock Holmes’ respect for Dr Watson as he lets him go back. Sherlock Holmes is a noble man in this scene and tries to protect Dr Watson from the pain of his death. However Dr Watson is left clearly upset saying he will forever regard Sherlock Holmes was â€Å"the best and the wisest man whom I have ever known†. This did choke me up a little as I read the last words of the story. I think overall the 1st person narrative by Dr Watson really works. There are a few problems but they have been solved by the way that the stories are written. For a setting to be typical of that of a detective story it needs to be a little scary and quirky, with the most successful murder mysteries taking place in dilapidated and isolated old houses. There is one striking resemblance of all the villains in the stories we have studied, they are all very noticeable. Dr Roylott and Dr Moriarty both tall and imposing, Irene Adler is beautiful and dainty and Hugh Boone is ugly and repulsive. The two most evil villains, Dr Roylott and Dr Moriarty it says have both inherited their evil tendencies. The literary pairing of Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson works well because they are different, two vivid characters, so different in their functions and needs and as all partnerships should be, based on a great friendship. I think generally there is only one story which we have read which could be described as a typical murder mystery or detective story and that is The Speckled Band. This is the only one with a typical setting, villain and story sequence. The others are not so, with A Scandal in Bohemia not having a typical setting, The Man with the Twisted Lip having a villain who is the same person as the victim and The Final Problem resulting in the death of the detective. So I think that you can categorize stories into genres but it is much harder to say â€Å"this is a typical detective story† or â€Å"this isn’t because †¦ † In the end each story is different. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Australian Aboriginal Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian Aboriginal Art - Essay Example Museum Anthropologists The paintings should not be relocated. Some of the paintings have weathered and been damaged by various factors and need retouching for effective conservation but no relocation is necessary. The paintings occupy valuable space and need to be relocated to less obtrusive places. The paintings must remain where they are unless they absolutely have to be removed to conserve them. Community Workers The paintings generate income for the local aboriginal populace and should not be removed from where they are. The paintings are fairly lucrative avenues of income for the aboriginal people and should not be removed from where they are. Relocation should actually add to the productive value of the paintings. Believe with the community workers Tutorial 2: This task requires answering the following question. What are some of the types of questions that can be successfully answered using the study of archaeologically significant stone artefacts The following questions may be successfully answered after careful study of stone artefacts that have been left behind by Australian aborigines of the past. It is notable that the questions are specially geared to the Australian aboriginal context. 1. By artefacts are only finished products being considered or both them and debris left behind after making them 2. What are the main methods used to make these artefacts and are any of such methods geographically exclusive 3. What were the types of rocks usually used in their manufacture and are any of these types exclusive to particular manufacturing methods 4. Are the types of materials geographically specific 5. What were these artefacts used for and are there any geographic... The Groote Eylandt aborigines have been much influenced by both colonists and the indigenous people of Indonesia, the latter having provided them with certain cultural influences like beliefs in sea creatures more common to Indonesian communities. The former contacts have provided the aborigines with means of employment in mining (Groote Eylandt Aborigines, Encycl. of Mankind, pp. 727-729, Undated). Though they have retained their own culture principally Christianity, and partly Islam from the Indonesians, continues to wield much influence on the communities. While these aborigines have a principally societal group structural this may be because of their environment which induces them to hunting/gathering, a technique of survival that is best suited to small and mobile groups (Groote Eylandt Aborigines, Encycl. of Mankind, pp. 727-729, Undated). The Huli have been fortunate in having lands that are extremely fertile and cultivation of sweet potato and rearing of pigs provides much economic independence from latter migrants. This is even though many Huli today are employed in mining and oil and gas operations (Ballard, 2002).

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities Essay

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities in relation to their media representations - Essay Example In Richard Dyer’s essay The White Man’s Muscle, he talks about stereotypes that have been enforced connecting as far back as the Greek era, and that now dominate film and television basically promoting the superiority of white masculinity. Body hair is animalistic; hair ­lessness connotes striving above nature. The climax of Gli amori di Ercole has Hercules fighting a giant ape, who has previously behaved in a King Kong-ish way towards Herculess beloved Dejanira, stroking her hair and when she screams making as if to rape her; close-ups contrast Herculess smooth, hairless muscles with the hairy limbs of this racist archetype. (Dyer) Here Dyer points out how the uppermost echelon of masculinity is equated with shaven white muscle, through its very contrast to that of hair apes, who are historically associated with blackness. He acknowledges the racist aspects of this archetype, but also gives notice to the private boys’ club-like tradition that has formed from this prejudice. This same ideal of exclusion is expressed in Gamy Robson’s Millwall Football Club: Masculinity, Race and Belonging in which the author points out how Millwall Football Club is a devout fan base-community that excludes those who aren’t born within it and those of different races. In western culture, muscular bodies are associated with much leisure time, discipline, and affluence. Dyer also makes the Christian connection that a muscular body connotes pointing out the ideal of finding salvation or purity through the experience of pain. He points out that historically body building culture has been an equal opportunity medi um when he says, Bodybuilding as an activity has a relatively good track record in terms of racial equality. From the 1950s on, non-white men - and especially those of African descent - became major figures in bodybuilding competitions. Yet the dominant images of the built body remain

Nutrition and Body Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nutrition and Body Composition - Essay Example Whole body composition comprises both fat-free body mass (FFM) and total body fat. The former is inclusive of water, bone matter and muscle and the latter pertains to essential fat and storage (stored) fat. Accordingly, Heyward and Stolarczyk (1996) assert that whole-body composition is of interest in terms of sports and exercise, obesity assessment and control of body weight. Of specific importance is the need to consistently ensure that total body fat is maintained at an optimal level (Heyward & Stolarczyk, 1996:4). The total body fat element is critical to optimal human physiological capacity. Thus, too little fatness, as is witnessed in individuals with eating disorders and exercise addiction as well as those with certain diseases, e.g. cystic fibrosis, can eventually result in a serious physiological dysfunction (Heyward & Stolarczyk, 1996:5-6). Through different body density measurements, which utilise established equations and corrections, one is able to calculate the ratio of fat-free mass to fat mass in a human body. This is based upon the ‘much lower density’ of the prevailing fat compartment in terms of their ratio (Heyward & Stolarczyk, 1996:8). However, concerning FFM, the bone matter is denser than the muscle structure. This may lead to the over-estimation of the fat percentage present. This is if there is either relative increase in the body muscle mass (during training) or relative loss of the prevailing bone density as found in individuals suffering from osteoporosis (Heyward & Stolarczyk, 1996:9). A variety of avenues are available through which effective body composition can be measured. This is especially in regard to the ‘approximate’ measurement of body fat percentage present. The most commonly employed method is through use of gun calipers, in measuring the subcutaneous fat thickness at various places on the body. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), on

Culinary Arts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culinary Arts - Research Paper Example The experience is great because class sizes are small, technical training, and allows students to work. Culinary groups are split into two shifts, morning and afternoons. Students get a real-chance of creating these dishes as it applied to their major. Students also encouraged to think freely and question the preparation meals in order to encompass it in their food making skills. The students prepared a tofu dish for a vegetarian customer, separated duck meat, and other appetizers. The dining team also prepares a wine base to ensure that the soups are being made. The baking and pastry team cut the dough and prepared the dish along with the tiramisu. A narrative of a student along with other chefs is captured in which every meal is elaborated. Meanwhile, the service team is preparing dining tables for the guest to ensure that they are ready for serving their guests. The wine team also prepares the hierarchy of wines, which provides a comprehensive accumulation of the model restaurant. Overall, all the students did a wonderful job to provide a comprehensive dining

Theory skills and intervention 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory skills and intervention 2 - Essay Example veral client-centered eating disorders and political feminist theories exist that can be used to assess her condition and offer help (Culley & Bond, 2012). This paper will focus on these theories and the kind of questions that would be asked towards assisting Tina. The fundamental question to ask Tina as a counselor is whether she acknowledges that she has a problem (Culley & Bond, 2012). This will form the basis of validating her experiences as a woman through discussions of societal and cultural pressures she faces, again as a woman, in relation to perfectionism, shape and weight (Thompson, 2003). Feminist political theories emphasize on social, class, economic and power groups, which implicitly place pressure on women to be perfect. These can further be broken into power control, sexism, obedience, cultural idea and sexuality (Mottier, 2010). The case study indicates that Tina has taken to heavy makeup and even changing the color of her hair to match that of the woman that her boyfriend fell for. This is a strong indication that she does not see herself through her own eyes, but those of the new girlfriend. This is the strongest evidence that feminist political theories are pressuring women to be something for someone else by making themsel ves their best, albeit through looks to an extent that enough attention is not paid to them as they age (Hill & Buss, 2006). These discussions will explain the situation to Tina in the event that she does not acknowledge that she has a problem. Most significantly, she must be made aware that it was not necessarily her mistake that her boyfriend chose another girlfriend. Trying to acquire the looks of the new girlfriend was a very dangerous pointer, because it means that she does not really know the true meaning of love, which she thinks to be aesthetic. The next question would be centered on whether she is willing to undergo a healing procedure, which will involve numerous counseling sessions (Gibson, Swartz & Sandenbergh,